# Guard and Handrail Requirements

### Quick Definitions: Guard vs. Handrail

**Guard (a.k.a. guardrail)**\
A safety barrier such as a railing along open edges like decks, balconies, landings, and stair sides, that prevents falls.

**Handrail**\
The graspable rail you hold while going up and down stairs. It has its own height and usability rules.

**One piece can do both**\
The top of a guard can also serve as the handrail on stairs if it meets certain handrail rules (see Handrail Size Requirements).

### Guard Requirements

**Where guards are required**\
If there’s an open edge and the drop is over 30 inches anywhere within 36 inches (3 feet) of that edge, then you need a guard.

**Residential guard height**\
Your guard must be at least 36 inches tall on level surfaces. On stairs, a guard is typically required when there are 4 or more risers, though some areas may require 42 inches — check your local code.

**Top rail vs. handrail**\
The top of a guard may double as the handrail if it meets handrail rules.

**Note:** Local jurisdictions may require taller guards (e.g., 42 inches). When in doubt, design to 42 inches to satisfy the strictest common requirement, or verify with your inspector.

### Handrail Requirements

**Height**\
The height of the handrail needs to be between 34 and 38 inches measured vertically from the line connecting the stair nosings (imagine a line that grazes the front edge of each tread — that’s the nosing line).

**Continuity**\
Handrails must be continuous for the full flight, without gaps.

**Returns**\
The ends of the handrail need to return to a post, guard, wall, or safety terminal to prevent snags.

**When required**\
On stairways with 4 or more risers


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