Guard and Handrail Requirements
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Guard (a.k.a. guardrail) A safety barrier such as a railing along open edges like decks, balconies, landings, and stair sides, that prevents falls.
Handrail The graspable rail you hold while going up and down stairs. It has its own height and usability rules.
One piece can do both The top of a guard can also serve as the handrail on stairs if it meets certain handrail rules (see Handrail Size Requirements).
Where guards are required If there’s an open edge and the drop is over 30 inches anywhere within 36 inches (3 feet) of that edge, then you need a guard.
Residential guard height Your guard must be at least 36 inches tall on level surfaces. On stairs, a guard is typically required when there are 4 or more risers, though some areas may require 42 inches — check your local code.
Top rail vs. handrail The top of a guard may double as the handrail if it meets handrail rules.
Note: Local jurisdictions may require taller guards (e.g., 42 inches). When in doubt, design to 42 inches to satisfy the strictest common requirement, or verify with your inspector.
Height The height of the handrail needs to be between 34 and 38 inches measured vertically from the line connecting the stair nosings (imagine a line that grazes the front edge of each tread — that’s the nosing line).
Continuity Handrails must be continuous for the full flight, without gaps.
Returns The ends of the handrail need to return to a post, guard, wall, or safety terminal to prevent snags.
When required On stairways with 4 or more risers
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